Do I need to register copyright for my book in the UK?
No. Under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, copyright in an original literary work arises automatically when it is written down or recorded. There is no official UK copyright register and no fee to pay.
How long does copyright last in the UK?
For a book, copyright generally lasts for the author's lifetime plus 70 years from the end of the year in which the author dies.
What are the private copyright registration services I see online?
Some private companies offer to store a dated copy of your work for a fee. They are not a government register and do not give you any rights you do not already have. They can provide supporting evidence of when your work existed, which you can also create yourself by keeping dated drafts and emails.
Should I put the © symbol in my book?
It is not legally required in the UK, but it is standard practice. A copyright notice on the copyright page, with the year of publication and your name, tells readers who owns the work.
What does "the right of the author to be identified has been asserted" mean?
UK law gives authors moral rights, including the right to be identified as the author. That particular right has to be asserted, which is why UK books include a line such as: "The right of [Author Name] to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988."
Who owns the copyright if someone else writes my book?
The writer owns it unless it is transferred. A transfer (assignment) of copyright must be in writing and signed by the person assigning it. If you use a ghostwriter, make sure your agreement assigns the copyright to you.
Is an ISBN the same as copyright?
No. An ISBN identifies an edition of your book for the book trade. It gives you no legal rights. See our UK ISBN guide.
Is this legal advice?
No. This page explains general principles of UK copyright for authors. We are a publishing services company, not a law firm. For a dispute or a complex rights question, speak to a solicitor who specialises in intellectual property.